Biblical Orogenesis

The animated gif of the expanding earth is from Michael Netzer. Mr. Netzer licensed it under the Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Notice that the modern oceans did not exist when the Earth was a minuscule planet.

Orogenesis means mountain building. The longest mountain range straddles a global expansion seam that runs through every ocean. The expansion seam is active, spitting out lava that builds up mountains. Except for continental margins and a few tabletop shallows, undersea mountains are made of dense basalt, not slow-hardening, lighter granite.

Surface mountain ranges encircle the Pacific, running through a chain of islands off the Coast of Asia. Another ring of mountains encircles western China, extending to Siberia. Mountains also run from Europe to India and in lesser ranges elsewhere. What caused continental mountains? An article in Nature from Tony Lowry and Marta Perez-Gussinye compares seismic velocities for the two kinds of continental basements, plains and mountains. They claim that a low seismic velocity ratio for mountain basements reveals areas rich in quartz.  They claim the quartz belts are absent from the flat plains. This suggests that continental mountains pushed up in weakened areas where quartz fractured the basements with water deposited seams.

The Bible presents the rudiments of natural history, includes mountain building. The [1] mountains were born (Psalm 90:2); [2] the mountains and the hills are old, from antiquity (Habakkuk 3:6); [3] God erected the mountains with His strength (Psalm 65:6); [4] the base of the mountains is flint (Job 28:9). Mountains are not mentioned until the cataclysm.

Let’s review biblical creation. Elohim finished the creation of the heavens and earth on the first day (Hebrew completed action), all of it (Hebrew et). Evidently the completed god-particles were not extended in space because the Earth had no form. Then Elohim continued to command light to continue to be. The space matter takes up and its other properties are related to light that continues to dither around within atoms. The earth at this early stage was covered with water. Then Elohim continued to command an expanding atmosphere (raqiya shamayim) to separate waters below from waters above. A similar process is going on today on Enceladus as gases and waters jet out - forming an enormous orbiting ice ring. Every modern year, Earth’s leading hemisphere ploughs into millions of house-sized, dust-covered snow balls. Spacecraft have photographed the UV absorbing streaks as twenty 100 ton snowballs hit earth every minute. Evidently the water that was separated on day two continues to return.

On the third day, Elohim continued to command the waters to be gathered into one place. 2 Peter 3:5 “For when they maintain this, (that all things remain the same - verse 4) it escapes their notice that by the word of God the (plural) heavens existed long ago and the earth was formed out of water and by water.” Peter states that the solid part of the terrene globe (ge) stood out (ek) from the water. Ek is the point of origin from which something comes out. In porous ground, water seeps down into subterranean aquifers. If it is acidic, it can eat out cavities in the rock in which quartz crystals grow form from a saturated solution. Downward quartz veins are evidence that the primordial Earth was once submerged in mineral laden water. In some areas, the quartz veins also contain water deposited gold. Why don’t modern oceans leak underground? Modern oceans are slightly alkaline, not acidic. They are imprisoned by a dense, impervious, basaltic sea floor.

Genesis chapter two informs that it did not rain in Eden, rivers flowed around the land and up flowing streams watered the face of the ground. During the cataclysm the underground seas burst forth as from a womb. (Job 38). It was then that “I placed boundaries on it And set a bolt and doors,  And I said, Thus far you shall come, but no farther; And here shall your proud waves stop?” Job 38:10-11. During the cataclysm mountains formed concurrently with the first modern oceans. (The Atlantic did not exists when the eastern Mediterranean and central Pacific began to form). Psalms 104:6-9 “You covered it with the deep as with a garment; the waters were standing above the mountains. At Your rebuke they fled, at the sound of your thunder they hurried away. The mountains rose; the (wide) valleys sank down to the place which you established for them.  You set a boundary that they may not pass over, so that they will not return to cover the earth.”

How can we verify biblical earth history? We see that the continents only fit together on a tiny globe without major seas and that the oceans are clearly younger than terra firma. The Bible states three times that the Earth stretches out in unbroken continuity. New sea floor is continually forming along the undersea expansion seam. The most powerful evidence for a biblical Earth history is visible galactic history (the history of the plural heavens). Many early galaxies were naked, without starry arms. We follow (at many ranges) how the stars continually came out, accelerated out, as billions of galaxies intrinsically grew into huge, local, growth spirals. The visible properties of matter kept on changing throughout cosmic history, just like one would expect from the literal text of the Bible. The Bible clearly states that the creation is enslaved to change (Romans 8:21). Someone could ask, how could the galaxies grow in only 6,000 years? We observe with telescopes that atomic clocks accelerate concurrently with the accelerating star streams. Our ancestors mentioned things that could only have been true if earth and the solar system also expanded. If you don’t understand why gravity accelerates both Earth’s orbit and rotation, read this: http://tiny.cc/u2g0e  and this http://tiny.cc/enyw5

What happens when matter (atoms) keep changing relationally throughout earth history? Jacob said the days and years of the children are shorter and worse than those of the fathers. The book of Job describes living dinosaurs. Job mentions the geological ages associated with a single lifetime. Indeed we find skulls with thick brows, just like Job mentioned -  their faces doubled, changed, before they died (Job 14). Only our facial bones keep growing as we age. If we lived for geological ages, like the ancient poets claimed, we would end up looking Neanderthal. The Neanderthal children did not have the thick brows of their grandparents.

Always use the biblical principle that the creation is enslaved to change when examining the evidence for earth history. What evidence? No constants of any kind are visible when we compare the properties of matter in billions of ancient galaxies. Yet scientists have contrived an entire empirical system with their notion that atoms do perpetual motion. They even invented a mathematical universe that is 99% invisible to protect their first principle - that the properties of matter are fixed, not emerging. Yet we see a biblical cosmic history with our eyes. How great will be the fall of western science before the power of God’s word and the simple, visible evidence that confirms it.

Advantage - Changing Earth Creationists

Advantage means a superior or favorable position. Changing Earth Creationists (CEC) have an advantage over Evolutionists, Young Earth and Old Earth Creationists because they begin their analysis of earth history with fundamental principles. A fundamental principle is a basic rule or belief that influences how one thinks and acts. Most scientists are unaware of their first principle, which is an issue of faith, that is biased reasoning.

History shows that Western philosophers built a great scientific structure on the presumption that the properties of matter are fixed. They used this assumption to define ways of measuring invisible things like mass, energy and time. Scientists only detect these things mathematically with the assumption they used to define them. They claim to test every hypothesis and reject those that do not fit reality. However their concept of reality depends on their faith that atoms are immutable and dither with perpetual motion with which they constructed their empirical system.

CEC get their principles from the authority of the Bible, not philosophy. The Bible clearly states that the creation is enslaved to change (phthora). CEC accept this literally, that the modern properties of matter are not the same as those during ancient times. Because CEC have a biblical first principle, their version of earth history is unlike a scientific one.

Three times the Bible states that the earth stretches out in unbroken continuity. Earth’s continents only fit together on a tiny globe without major seas. The oldest seafloor is adjacent to the continents and the youngest is oozing out from a global, spreading, oceanic seam. The theory of subduction is denied by the undisturbed sediments in the ocean trenches.

Several times the Bible mentions the shattering of a planet only a few thousand years ago. Thousands of asteroids and comets circle our Sun. They have faceted shapes and volcanic rocks as if they were broken from planets. The ancients told stories of battles among the planets. Over the centuries, astronomers recorded the solar parallax continuing to decrease as though the solar system was much smaller a few thousand years ago.

A scientist could argue, we measure planet orbits and they are clock-like. Anyone can see in billions of galaxies, that ancient atomic clocks clocked tiny fractions of the frequencies of modern atoms. Forty years ago we sent two Pioneer spaceships out of the solar system. The farther they got from earth, the more their clock-controlled radio frequencies slowed compared to the speed of NASA’s precision clocks-of-the-moment. The changes correlated with distance, the past, not spacecraft velocity. Evidently atomic clocks continue to speed up throughout cosmic history.
It was not just the clocks that accelerated. The only history that is visible exactly as it happened is galactic history. The earliest galaxies were often naked, without starry appendages. At closer ranges we observe bluish globular clusters coming out from the ancient cores. At closer ranges we observe strings of star globs spiraling out as galaxies grew into huge, local growth spirals. We observe that the space matter takes up and it inertial properties changed along with the accelerating atomic clocks. Visibly, the properties of matter change relationally throughout cosmic history. The Bible states that the stars were formed and placed in the raqiya shamayim, the spreading places in the plural heavens, half way through the creation week.

A skeptic might insist that huge galaxies cannot form in only 6,000 years. Wait, the Bible always uses words for vast ages to describe Earth age. It also informs us God created the universe in six days a few hundred generations ago. These are complimentary issues if one simply accepts the visible history of the universe. Evidently the observed changes even affect the duration of days and years. Old man Jacob stated the world view of his age when he claimed that the days and years of the children are shorter and worse than the days and years of the fathers. He did not mean that children lived fewer years, since his father lived more years than his grandfather.

Our faces are the only part of our skeleton that keeps growing as we age. If we lived for geological ages, our brows would grow thick. We find the skulls of our ancestors with thick brows as though they lived for geological ages. Job chapter 14 lists the geological markers for a lifetime during the age of dinosaurs. He even mentions how their faces changed before they died. Neanderthal child skulls do not have the thick brows of their parents, so evidently they did live for geological ages. Even the pagan poets mentioned that the first generations lived for eons. If you do not understand how gravity must accelerate Earth’s rotation and orbit together, then read this following article: http://goo.gl/8OLxh

Assumption-based truth is NOT true unless the underlying assumption is valid. This is especially so for science, whose causal theories heavily depend on their assumption that the properties of matter are fixed. Vision is an entirely  different form of cognition than metaphysics. The visible history of the universe is more objective than an empirical system that relies entirely on the metaphysical notion that the properties of matter are not changing relationally.

Ancient myth makers were anemic compared to the ad hoc stories scientists tell. Scientists are so convinced that atoms dither with perpetual motion that they claim the universe formed when a tiny bit of vacuum exploded. They even claim that light’s frequencies are altered as it passes through the void. Allegedly energy is pulled out of the vacuum to accelerate the spreading of the vacuum. They even claim that there is more transparent, invisible matter than the natural kind. The scientific universe is 99% invisible. All the invisible things were contrived to protect their fundamental assumption that the properties of matter are fixed, not emerging. Even a child can see that the properties of matter visibly change throughout cosmic history.

Modern space telescopes are owned by taxpayers, so we have access to thousands of photographs of ancient galaxies. With our eyes we see a cosmic history that exactly fits the literal, grammatical text of the Bible. According to the Bible, He spreads out the plural heavens and calls the stars to come out in unbroken continuity. How great will be the fall of western science before the great power of God’s Word.

The photo is a composite from NASA of Centarus-A. It has a core like an elliptical galaxy surrounded by a thin disk. At frequencies from X-rays to radio, we see two huge jets spreading out from the core of this massive galaxy. (Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/ R.Kraft et al; Radio: NSF/VLA/ Univ. Hertfordshire/ M.Hardcastle; Optical: ESO/WFI/ M.Rejkuba et al.)

Against Accretion!

(Click on the picture to see an expanded view then the back button to read the article).

As starlight passes through interstellar dust, most of the visible spectrum gets absorbed. Long wave light is not blocked so infrared telescopes see though the dust clouds. The picture shows the Carina Nebula on the left and the opposing V-shapes of the Westbrook Nebula on the right. Carina has dust pillars radiating out along the edges of space clouds. The left panel shows an expanded view of a Carina branch. We observe two jets ejecting from stars that lie behind the tips of dust pillars. The upper jet has a bow shock, so it clearly is an ejection. This suggests that these are Herbig-Haro stars that eject collimated double jets from the stars’ poles. Many HH stars have a dust disk around their equator. The center panel is a double view of Carina, first in visible and then infrared light. In infrared, we see a long double jet ejecting from the heart of the cloud. One part of the Carina Nebula has a central star so hot that it saturates the sensors of infrared telescopes. The star, Eta Carinae, is surrounded by two massive dust lobes that started their expansion during a huge outburst observed in 1843. The right panel is a Hubble picture of the Westbrook Nebula. This proto-nebula is just beginning to form as four stars accelerate out from a central body. Dust columns follow the stars as they move outwards.

In 1995, the Hubble Space Telescope took the famous “Pillars of Creation” picture of the Eagle Nebula. The Eagle has fingers of dust projecting outwards, just like Carina. A star also shines at the end of each dust finger. The visible evidence suggests that dust clouds and pillars formed as active stars moved out from the energetic heart of the nebula. Astronomers reject the idea that nebulae grew as stars accelerate outwards. They claim the dust pillars are hollow. Allegedly dust is gravitating into brand-new stars in the fingers of the cloud. If dust is falling in toward a newly forming star, why do we observe the dust pillars following the stars as they move outwards? Why do we observe jets ejecting from the tips of the dust fingers?

The universe is the only place where we visually observe history as it happened long ago. We observe that the earliest galaxies were naked, without starry appendages. At closer ranges we observe bluish globs adjacent to the ancient nuclei. More elaborate nearer galaxies have distinct chains of bluish beads around the galactic cores. Over cosmic history, we observe that the star globs follow each other out in lanes as the arms of spiral galaxies became congested with dust. Most galaxies grew into huge growth spirals. This is not merely a mathematical theory.

Jets visibly defy the laws of gravity all over the universe as they move out, never fall into toward the center of a galaxy or nebula. Sometimes the jets start out narrow and spread out into a thicker, knotted “rope” as they emerge, such as in M87. The M87 jet exceeds the radius of this gargantuan elliptical. We even observe nearby quasars ejecting streams of matter, such as 3C 273 in the Virgo cluster. We occasionally see micro quasars ejecting even within our own galaxy. When we compare the shapes of billions of galaxies from the creation to the present, we observe that stars did not accrete (grow from external dust). We see that they spread out from tiny globs as they polluted their neighborhood with dust. We correlate the morphological changes in galaxies with the accelerating atomic clocks. Light from ancient atoms shone at minuscule fractions of the light frequencies from modern, local matter.

What is visible violates the basic scientific assumption. Western science was founded on an assumption, first proposed by a pagan Greek philosopher. This idea was predicted in the Bible. Peter prophesied that in the last days mockers would obfuscate (lanthano) the history of the heavens (ouranoi esan ekpalai) with their notion that all things remain the same (panta houtos diamenei). The word ekpalai is a compound word. Ek means to come out. Palai is related to Greek words for vibrations, repetitions. How accurate the Bible is! Scientists have filled the universe up with invisible things to obscure visible galactic history. Clearly the plural heavens (the galaxies) came out, rotated out from tiny naked globs of primordial matter.

To protect their creed that the properties of matter are fixed, scientists claim that every galaxy is surrounded by a perfectly transparent cloud of invisible matter. Visible matter is only one fourth as prevalent as the invisible kind. Supposedly, another invisible substance (called spacetime) is changing the frequencies of all light passing through the void. They even claim that the vacuum is expanding from an ancient explosion. Allegedly the most potent force in the universe is invisible energy that accelerates the expansion of the vacuum. Scientists even admit that their universe is 99% invisible. All of the invisible things were woven out of invisible cloth to clothe the scientific emperor as he pontificates about measuring with perpetual motion atoms.

Galaxies could not have grown unless biblical physics is valid and the scientific first principle is false. The Bible clearly states that the creation is enslaved to change. This is precisely what we see. Every bit of matter keeps on changing itself throughout the visible history of the universe. Biblical physics is not complex or even mathematical. It does not rely on speculative definitions of mass, energy and time, that were contrived mathematically with the assumption that the properties of matter are fixed.

How great will be the fall of western science before the power of God’s word. On that day the Lord alone will be magnified and the pride of man will be abased. Psalm 19 informs us that in the spreading places in the plural heavens (raqiya shamayim) knowledge is available to all. It is there that we see His great glory. It is in the heavens that we see that He even defeats science without using any deception. Look and glory Him, not science!

Credit for the nebula photos: ESA, NASA, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope.  The author assembled the pictures into a frame for easy comparison.

Against Density Waves

Spiral galaxies are distinguished by a central bulge or bar surrounded by a disk of stars and gas.  About 10% of spirals have two clearly defined arms that are often symmetrical. About 60% have multiple arms and 30% have a fluffy disk where the arms are not clearly separate.

How did spiral galaxies form? Astronomers tell us that galaxies started from a hot cloud formed by a space-time explosion. Allegedly the primordial cloud broke apart because it at first expanded faster than light, which is why galaxy clusters are so far apart. The clouds eventually cooled enough for first generation stars to condense and quickly explode, forming heavier clouds. Then second generation stars condensed from these latter clouds and gravitated into clumps which became the core of galaxies. Gas continued to gravitate toward these early galactic cores, circling around forming disks in which the gas spun in the same direction. The gas accreted into new stars that continued to form in the spinning disk. The spiral lanes were supposedly formed by density waves that rippled through the disk pushing things together in some areas and spreading them apart in others. However, the stars are not actually moving along the arms but are orbiting the core, usually backwards from the sweep of the spiral arms. Astronomers also claim that each galaxy is surrounded by a halo of dark matter that is perfectly transparent. The invisible matter causes the stars to seemingly move fast near the outer edges of the galaxy.

None of these stories fits the visible history of how spiral galaxies formed. We see back to the formation of the universe and no condensing clouds are visible. No one has ever detected a first generation star, allegedly because they were so short lived. We do see, at many ranges, how spiral galaxies formed. The earliest galaxies were tiny and naked, without starry arms. They often appear in equally spaced chains, as though they are following each other in single files. The naked galaxies shone at tiny fractions of the light frequencies of modern atoms. At closer ranges we see bluish clumps coming out from the redder cores. The clumps line up like beads on a necklace. At many ranges we see that the clumps accelerated out taking up more volume. The stars did not accrete, they spread out, moved out, accelerated out as matter kept on taking up more volume. We see in billions of galaxies that the properties of matter keep on changing relationally as spiral galaxies intrinsically grew into huge, local growth spirals.

The visible history of how spiral galaxies formed contradicts every one of the scientific ad hoc stories. Density waves, invisible matter, accreting stars, stretching vacuums that change the frequencies of light are all unnecessary if we just accept what is visible. We see that the properties of matter keep on changing relationally as galaxies grew from the insides outward. The atomic clocks accelerated along with the accelerating stars streams as billions of galaxies intrinsically grew. Even the Earth has continued to grow because the continents only fit together on a tiny globe without major seas. A global expansion seam continues to form new earth crust. Scientists cannot accept what is visible because their definitions, measuring units and methods were built on a single assumption, that the properties of all things are fixed. The Bible predicts that in the last days mockers would obfuscate the plural heavens with their notion that all things remain the same.

What is visible is precisely what the biblical God says He does - He stretches out the plural heavens and the earth in unbroken continuity. He created the plural heavens first and later the Sun, Moon and stars were place in the raqiya shamayim, the spreading places in the plural heavens. He called the stars to come out in unbroken continuity and none go missing. He spreads out the plural heavens like a tent.


What is visible supports biblical physics and biblical cosmic history. Biblical physics does not use complex mathematics or symbolical ways of measuring. Yet we can see with our eyes that the properties of all matter keep on changing. Someone might ask, how could galaxies grow in only six thousand years? Every clock in the visible universe, the atomic clocks and the inertial star streams, kept on accelerating throughout cosmic history.  What we see fits what our ancestors wrote a few thousand years ago. The God of the Bible commands you in the imperative to look at the plural heavens. Look and you will see how utterly and completely He will vanquish western science for His great glory.

The film strip shows early spiral galaxies from the 2004 Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Notice the bluish clumps surrounding the redder primordial cores. Some early spiral look like tadpoles with a granulated tail. We can see how the galactic arms formed as the stars came out and spread out. Credit: NASA and the Hubble Space Telescope.