Changing Light Speed and the Biblical Cosmos

Some Christians explain that ancient light moved much faster than modern light, which supposedly supports a young universe. The Bible, in both Greek and Hebrew, mentions the antiquity of the Earth and skies (plural). Nowhere does the Bible ever mention that the Earth or heavens are young. It is important when examining theories about earth history, either creationist or secular, to separate assumptions from evidence that relies circularly on assumptions.

An assumption is an idea taken for granted or accepted as true without proof. The scientific system was constructed on a historical assumption, the presumption that the properties of matter are fixed. When scientists claim to precisely measure the speed of light, their measurements are conditioned on this assumption. (1) The primary unit in the scientific system is a time second. Scientists define a second as 9,192,631,770 microwave pulses from cesium 133. They use their basic assumption to presume that cesium atoms dither with perpetual motion and therefore seconds are fixed duration units. (2) Then they circle back to define meters as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,793,458 of a second. (3) With these two definitions, they circle back a second time to “measure” light speed at 299,793,458 meters per second. It is impossible to precisely measure the speed of light without relying on the notion that atoms are not changing relationally. If atoms change relationally, their dimensions, dithering frequencies and other properties would change in parallel, together.

It is unnecessary to speculate about a changing speed of light since biblical physics and biblical cosmic history are non mathematically supported by the light from long ago. The Bible clearly states that the creation is enslaved to change (Greek phthora) and uses two Greek together verbs to describe this universal degeneration (Romans 8:19 - 22). We confirm with sight, in billions of ancient galaxies, that none of them shines with the light frequencies of modern atoms. The most ancient light observed to date shines at one tenth the frequencies of modern atomic clocks. The Bible predicts that in the last day mockers will say “all things remain the same (panta houtos diamenei).” Peter even predicted how they will use this idea (that the properties of all things are fixed) to obfuscate (lanthano) the evidence that the plural heavens came out long ago (ouranoi esan ekpalai). Ekpalai - ek: to come out and palai: rotations, oscillations.

The most powerful support for biblical cosmic history is the visible evidence that the galaxies (plural heavens - shamayim in Hebrew) existed before the stars formed. Elohim completed creating the plural heavens on the first day. Elohim began to incompletely set the Sun, Moon and stars in the raqiya shamayim (the spreading places in the plural heavens) half way through creation. According to Isaiah, He calls the stars to come out in unbroken continuity and spreads out the plural heavens like a tent to dwell in.

The only history that is visible as it happened is galactic history. The most distant galaxies appear tiny and naked, without starry extensions. At many closer ranges we observe how globs of stars came out of those ancient cores in globular jets. Over the history of the universe we observe how the stars came out, spread out, accelerated out into huge, local, dusty, growth spirals. The film strip shows Hubble Ultra Deep Field galaxy 4491 on the left. Notice that the core of this primordial galaxy shines at lower frequencies (redder) than the emerging spiral arm. The center picture is Hubble Ultra Deep Field galaxy 3031. It has two granular arms that have rotated around less than one turn with a sibling at the end of one arm. The right frame is a WISE infrared image of the nearby galaxy M51. It also has two arms made of distinct globes, but the arms have rotated out more than one turn. The primordial galaxies takes up a tiny angular size, compared to the local galaxy. (If the photo showed M51 at the same scale as the distant galaxies, it would take up your whole screen). (The WISE telescope is a wide field infrared space telescope).  How could star streams come out, spread out, rotate out, accelerate  unless the properties of matter are continually emerging? The star streams visibly accelerate along with the atomic clocks.

Apparently the same affects that are visible in distant galaxies also affected our planet. The ancients recorded close planet passages and a planet shattering a few thousand years ago. The Bible mentions the same events without claiming that the planets were gods. The Bible clearly mentions that the days and years of the children are shorter and worse than the days and years of the fathers (Genesis 47:9). Job, who describes dinosaurs living alongside of men, mentions the geological markers for a single lifetime (Job 14). He said the sea (west) dried up during a lifetime. Cores from the deep Mediterranean show that it repeatedly dried to a dessert and then re flooded. He even mentioned how their faces doubled (shanah panyim) before they died. Our skulls are the only part of our skeleton that keeps on growing as we age. If we lived for geological ages, we would grow Neanderthal brows. However, child skulls would look like modern people, which is what the Neanderthal bones show.

What would cause days and years to accelerate throughout cosmic history? One answer is visible. (1) We can see with our eyes that the properties of all matter continue to change, just like one would expect from the words of the Bible. We even see the evidence that supports a literal biblical growing Earth (Isaiah 42:5), since the continents only fit together on a tiny globe without major seas. (2) The second reason is not visible. No one has ever seen or isolated any gravity or even detected where it gets its energetic power from. If "gravity" propagates at a finite speed, it would necessarily effect the trailing half of the Earth more than the leading hemisphere. This would accelerate both rotations and orbits. The planets far from the Sun would accelerate their orbits out more, since the Sun’s angular gravitational displacement would be greater. Perhaps this is why the major planets, even in other solar systems, have migrated into logarithmic sequences. Why can’t we measure this? We can. Generations of astronomers measured a decreasing angular solar parallax. Even in the 21st century, the parallax to the Sun (from the Venus transit) and Mars at opposition keep on decreasing as though the solar system is expanding. Yet the canonical radar distances (that depends on the notion that atoms dither with perpetual motion) continue to measure an unchanging solar system.

Carefully test your basic assumption - the one the Bible predicts for the last day mockers. Visibly we see how God can make foolish the wisdom of this age, science, just like He predicts in His Word. Why would He make a universe where matter is always changing its properties? So that no one can ever come to Him through humanist wisdom. Yet anyone who humbly comes to Him as a sinner, trusting His provision of salvation, will never be brought to shame.

Photo credits. The film strip is made of photos from NASA: the Hubble Space Telescope and the WISE Space Telescope.

Cosmic History Supports Biblical Physics

The New Testament uses the word phusis for the Divine nature, human nature and animal natures. The earliest Greeks used this word for things that grow by nature, such as trees. Later, the Greek philosophers sought for causes; why things change and move, which they also called phusis, physics. A physicist, Aristotle said, must ask why and so discover the form and essence of a thing, its ultimate causes. Today we use the word physics to refer to the properties of matter.

The Bible plainly states that the creation is enslaved to change (Greek phthora - Romans 8:21). The very next verse mentions the whole creation. Since the Bible states that everything changes, we can understand why biblical earth history statements are poles apart from scientific stories. Although scientists do not plainly state it, yet they are trained to think that the properties of matter are not changing, not emerging. The Apostle Peter predicted that in the last days mockers would hide the evidence that the plural heavens (ouranoi) are ekpalai because they choose to believe that all things remain the same (2 Peter 3:4 - 5). The word ekpalai is a compound of ek (point of origin) and palai (repetitions, vibrations, circuits). Other biblical texts mention the continually spreading heavens. Isaiah states that God calls the stars to come out in unbroken continuity and none are missing. He spreads out the plural heavens like a tent to dwell in. He continually spreads dense hot things into dust clouds (Job 37:18). Psalm 19 states that knowledge of God’s glory is available to all in the raqiya shamayim, the spreading places in the plural heavens.

According to scientists, stars accreted from diffuse gas, which then gravitated together to form galaxies. Galaxies grew from the outside, as dust, stars and small galaxies attracted each other. According to the biblical text, we should expect plural heavens to spread out, not condense. Billions of galaxies (plural heavens) provide a way to test between biblical and scientific versions of cosmic history. Did galaxies spread out as the properties of matter kept changing or did they clump together from a diffuse cloud of intrinsically unchanging space dust? Galactic history is the only history that is visible exactly as it occurred long ago.

Comparisons between the shapes of early galaxies and local ones show a remarkable difference. We can tell which galaxies are ancient because they are extremely faint, take up milliseconds of our view and their light shines at tiny fractions of the frequencies of local atoms. Many peculiar galaxies shine from the early universe. Some have short tadpole tails or are surround by strings of bluish globs. Evidently the peculiar galaxies have changed into local spirals galaxies.

The left panel of the film strip is a Hubble picture of a local two armed spiral, M51. Distinct pink clumps are spaced out along the two arms that seem continuous with dust. The arms have rotated more than one full turn. One arm ends in a small sibling galaxy. In the lower right corner I have inserted a picture of an early two armed spiral (UDF 3031) from the 2004 Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The primordial galaxy gleams at 42 % the light frequencies of modern atoms. It has a central bar and two arms made of distinctly separate blue globs. The arms have rotated around less than half a turn and one arm ends in a yellow sibling galaxy. If we could see what this primordial galaxies looks like at this moment, it should have changed to look something like M51.

How did galaxies grow? In the right panel is a picture of a the Double Quasar from e-Merlin, a number of fiber-linked radio telescopes. The two glaring objects with diffraction spikes are quasars. Quasars are known to be extremely tiny, yet gleam with prodigious amounts of light. Notice that the upper quasar has a huge pulsed jet and the lower one contains two internal globs. The upper quasar seems to have ejected a counter jet in the past because a blue globe exists diametrically opposite the monster jet.
How do scientists explain this visible evidence that compact galaxies (quasars) eject material that spreads out? They claim that the yellow elliptical galaxy in the lower left is perhaps surrounded by an enormous amount of invisible matter. The invisible matter bends the light so much that we are really seeing a distorted image of reality. Scientists claim that there is only one quasar and the invisible matter has amplified the scene like a lens causing a double, distorted image of reality.
According to scientists, the universe is mostly invisible matter and a strange property of the vacuum that causes it to spread out. This undetectable property of the vacuum, called space time, adjusts the frequencies of all light as they pass through the void. Scientists are not required to believe the visible history of the cosmos because their universe is 99% invisible, crammed full of magical things no one has ever detected anywhere. Why do they create such obviously ad hoc stories? Their version of physics was built on an assumption that is visibly false, that the properties of matter are not emerging. Instead of believing what is visible, they use their assumption to define symbolical things like time, mass and energy. No one has ever isolated any of these mathematical entities. Instead of believing their eyes, they measure and mathematicate with a visibly false assumption.

In the raqiya shamayim, the spreading places in the plural heavens, we see the evidence for God’s great power and wisdom. We see that billions of galaxies grew from the insides outwards. We see atomic clocks and star streams accelerating together in billions of galaxies. We see that the properties of matter are always emerging, which confirms biblical physics. You cannot find Him through human wisdom, but you can see the evidence that He stretches out the plural heavens (shamayim) in unbroken continuity. He even defeats Western science for His great glory. How wise He is. Look!


Credit for the photos is to NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and e-Merlin.

The Bullet Cluster

Galaxies group together like schools of fish. We often find fish outside a school, but galaxies do not seem to exist outside of galaxy groups. The Milky Way is one of two large spirals, each surrounded by 15 dwarfs, that make up the Local Group. Why do galaxies group together? Why does Virgo contain thousands of galaxies grouped around a few large ellipticals? Why is the largest elliptical, M87, ejecting a jet and why is it surrounded by a cloud of globular clusters?

Scientists explain that space has many properties. One of the properties of the vacuum is called space-time. Allegedly a tiny bit of the vacuum of space-time exploded and created all matter out of nothing. Scientists explain that matter gravitationally attracts other matter. The gas from the explosion gravitated together to form stars which attracted each other to form galaxies.

The vacuum has other properties that work together with gravity to form galaxies and clusters. One property of the vacuum is the ability to reduce the frequencies of all light as it passes through the void. Vacuums allegedly create more vacuums as the vacuum of space expands, which naturally causes galaxies to accelerate away from each other. Scientists call this anti gravity property of the vacuum, dark energy. If everything is accelerating away from each other, why do we see thousands of dense galaxy clusters? Scientists claim that what looks like empty space contains a great deal of invisible matter. They calculate that a donut of dark matter surrounds every galaxy. They even calculate how much invisible matter and space-creating dark energy exists. The answer is: just the amounts needed for their laws to work at galactic scales.
 
How can scientists prove the existence of invisible matter? Allegedly the Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56) is absolute proof for the existence of dark matter. The Bullet is not really a cluster.  It is the vacuum of space between two clumps of galaxies. Why is it called a cluster if it is mostly vacuum? The space between the galaxy clumps is glowing with X-rays. X-rays are known to come from high speed particles crashing into each other. What energized the particles? Allegedly two groups of galaxies collided, but since the individual galaxies were far apart, the groups passed each other in the night. As the galaxies past, they striped bits of gas from each other and these accelerated enough to produce X-rays long after the galaxies had passed. Scientists are so convinced that invisible matter exists that they artistically add it to the X-ray photos of the Bullet.  http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080823.html

In the left panel we see a map of the Bullet showing radio contours around the bright X-rays. The center panel is a Chandra image that shows X-ray concentrated in two areas. The right panel is a composite. The yellow objects are galaxies and the orange cloud is X-rays. A number of large elliptical galaxies exist just to the left of the leftmost X-ray concentration and some exist just to the right of the X-ray funnel.

Demons are invisible, but we know they exist because balls of fire are flowing along the yardarms of yon sailing ship. They are especially active tonight because lightning is flashing all around the ship. Wait! We can dispense with demonic causes if we just admit natural electrical discharges. We can likewise dispense with invisible matter and other undetectable properties of space if we just accept nature as we see it. Every atom in the universe has different spectral properties from atoms at other ranges. Not a single ancient galaxy shines with the light of perpetual motion atoms. If we simply accept what is visible, that the properties of matter continue to change relationally, we do not need a single gram of speculative, invisible matter.

Why do scientists speculate about the existence of invisible things? The Bible exposes the historical faith upon which science was founded. Peter predicted that in the last days mockers will disregard the evidence that the heavens are ekpalai because of an idea - that all things remain the same. In Greek, ek means to come out, the point of origin. Palai has to do with repetitions, repetitive vibrations or repeating circuits.

Galactic history is the only history that is visible exactly as it happened at many ranges back to the creation era. Indeed we observe that galaxies are ekpalai. Ancient galaxies were naked and compact, without starry extensions. At closer ranges we see equally space globs around the primordial cores. At many ranges we observe how the stars came out, spread out, accelerated out, jetted out, rotated out as billions of galaxies grew into huge growth spirals. We also see filaments of galaxies spreading out into clusters.  Only biblical physics allows its disciples to believe the visible history of the universe. Biblical physics simply accepts that the creation is enslaved to change, Greek phthora. Scientists are forced to invent invisible things because even their definitions and empirical measuring system was founded on a single assumption, that the properties of matter are fixed. To protect their empirical system, scientists meticulously measure the properties of the vacuum in a universe that they claim is 99% invisible.

Is the Bullet X-ray Field proof of invisible matter? It is actually evidence for energetic ejections as galaxies and stars spread out from compact tohu bohu primordial matter. The proof that matter continues to change its properties is visible cosmic history. Billions of galaxies and galaxy clusters grew from the insides outwards as the stars came out and spread out from point sources.

The Bible says that the God of creation spreads out the plural heavens (shamayim) in unbroken continuity. He spreads out the plural heavens (shamayim) like a tent to dwell in. The evidence for his great glory is available for all to see in the raqiya shamayim, the spreading places in the plural heavens. How great will be the fall of western science before the power of God’s Word.

Photo credits: The radio map is to Govoni. The X-rays photo is from NASA's Chandra and the NASA composite is from the Hubble Telescope and the Chandra X-ray telescope.