Understanding the Biblical Concept of Time

One should always interpret the Bible in the historical context of the author. No Bible author could imagine linear time because it violated the common sense view of all people during the biblical era. Moses could not have imagined a cell phone, a computer or fixed 24 hour days. When Christians try to understand biblical earth history using western time notions, they end up twisting the Bible to fit science. Both YEC and OEC tailor the Bible to fit modern time ideas.

Where did western time notions come from? Augustine profoundly influenced the single-god religions: Catholic, Muslim, Judaism, and Protestantism. According to Augustine, before the creation there was no time. God supposedly created time and He allegedly exists outside of time, seeing all of time simultaneously. How did Augustine arrive at this idea, since it is never stated in the Bible? Augustine’s interpreted the Bible to fit his studies in the writings of the pagan philosopher Plotinus. Plotinus claimed that a world soul controlled nature, was outside of time while we are bound by it. In Augustine’s system, time is an objective entity. Why didn’t Augustine consult Solomon’s analysis of time? Solomon wrote that time (olam) is in our minds. Solomon apparently believed that time has no independent existence either for man or for God.

More than 1200 years after Augustine, the notion of linear time began to gel concurrently with the rise of the scientific world view. One cannot formulate a scientific world view without boundary definitions based on a dogmatic presupposition. The dogmatic assumption for western science was predicted in the Scriptures. In the last days mockers would obfuscate the history of the earth and the age of the starry heavens with an idea: that all things remain the same (panta outos diamenei). The earliest form of this idea came from Aristotle but was taught in the west by Catholic scholars. The scholars interpreted Aristotle’s idea as: the essence of substance is changeless. The assumption that matter is NOT continually changing itself is essential to western notions of clock time and clock-like orbits.

Days, seasons, and years are certainly not linear, according to the Bible. On the fourth day, Elohim began to form the Sun, Moon and stars and place them in the raqiya shamayim. The word raqiya is the noun of the verb raqa - to spread out. Several other biblical texts clearly describe the heavens (shamayim) as spreading out like a tent, that God continually calls the stars to come out. Orbits that expand are accelerating orbits.

The biblical concept of time is radically different from scientific notions because biblical physics is based on a diametrically opposite principle: that the creation is enslaved to change (phthora).  Biblical physics is the physics of real change. Cosmic history is the only history that is visible, exactly as it occurred. The atoms in distant (ancient) galaxies clocked tiny ratios of the pulse rate of modern atoms. That is real, visible change. We also observe how the stars formed, exactly as described in Genesis One. In billions of galaxies, we visibly confirm that primordial galaxies were tiny and naked, before their starry arms formed. In the continuum of spiral history, we observe how the atomic clocks accelerated concurrently as the star stream accelerated outward. Billions of galaxies grew into huge growing corkscrews. What we see confirms biblical physics, that the properties of matter continue to change throughout history. Relational change is parallel (together) change. It cannot be measured empirically. Why not? When matter changes itself, the scientific definitions, measuring units and mathematics change with it. However, relational changes are clearly visible as we confirm in the visible history of the universe.

 Scientific cosmic history is the most incredible concoction of mathematical stories every invented. Allegedly more invisible matter exists than the natural kind. Allegedly the vacuum of space-time is moving galaxies, stretching light and even pulling energy out of the vacuum to counteract gravity. The grandfather of all scientific myths is the explosion of a tiny bit of vacuum that supposedly created everything out of nothing. Scientific myths were woven out of invisible cloth to protect the first principle of science, the idea that matter is not naturally changing itself.

If time does not exist, how could it be nonlinear? It is the orbits and rotations that gradually change, not time. Old man Israel declared that his days and years were shorter and worse than the days and years of his fathers. In the Old Testament era people believed that the first people lived for eons and everything had continued to deteriorate. Job described what it was like living for geological ages as their faces doubled. We confirm Job’s account with ancient human skulls with thick brows. If we lived for geological ages, our brows would grow Neanderthal. However, our children would not have the thick brows, just like the Neanderthal children did not have the thickened skulls of their grandparents.

Look at the heavens - not with dogmas about perpetual motion atoms - but with your eyes. Only an all powerful God could preserve life on earth as orbits and atoms always change relationally. Our ancestors even measured with angles, an expanding solar system. Read an essay on why, if gravity has a finite speed, it must accelerate years and days.Why gravity changes the duration of days and years

The image is a NASA composite image of M81 taken with the Hubble, Spitzer and GALEX space telescopes. The blue globs spaced out along the galactic arms were imaged in ultra violet with GALEX. Blue shows the hot star clumps that we can trace back through cosmic history. They  individually and distinctly accelerated out of the core of primordial galaxies and subsequently spread out. The yellowish white is visible light from Hubble and the red is infrared dust lanes from Spitzer. M81 is simple evidence for how stars formed in the center of a galaxy and accelerated out, taking up more space as their atoms also accelerated their clock frequencies.

Ultra Violet Rings Around Ancient Elliptical Galaxies

GALEX, an ultra violet space telescope, took pictures of 30 extremely distant elliptical galaxies and found UV rings and arcs. Subsequently the Hubble space telescope also found rings, pulsed jets and even nascent spiral arms around the ancient galaxies. The blue parts of each image is from the GALEX UV camera while the white, yellow, green and red parts were imaged with the Hubble. Telescopic photos of closer elliptical galaxies show fuzzy halos of globular clusters. Wide views show that they are often located in the center of galaxy clusters, surrounded by dense numbers of small spirals and irregulars.

Are the blue arcs condensations from gas or perhaps collisions with an unseen galaxy? Astronomers often claim that stars are born by condensation, as gas gravitates together. What little gas that exists in elliptical galaxies does not concentrate into clouds, so where did the ultra violet structures come from? An even more basic question is, how do stars form to begin with? If enough gas could gravitate together to start fusion, the radiation pressure should prevent any further accretion. Large, hot, blue stars are evidence against the theory that stars condensed out of external gases, such as in the speculated big bang.

The universe is evidence for biblical physics, not science. The Bible clearly states that the creation is in bondage to change (Greek phthora). In general, the more distant the galaxy, the more its light shines at much lower frequencies than modern, local atoms. Scientists, however, claim to measure intrinsically unchanging atoms. A truth seeker should carefully examine the assumption upon which such scientific claims depend. Scientific definitions, measuring units and mathematical constants depend on the assumption that the properties of matter are fixed, not emerging. For example, scientists define time and seconds with atomic clocks that allegedly dither with perpetual motion. The only way to test whether clocks are changing speed is to compare clocks from yesterday with those from today. We actually sent two spaceships with calibrated clocks into the remotest parts of the solar system. The clock-derived radio signals keep slowing (relative to current clocks). The Pioneer Anomaly correlated with distance (the past), not velocity as one would expect if it was a Doppler shift. Evidently the fastest normally energized atomic clocks are local.

Why can't scientists acknowledge the overwhelming evidence that atomic clocks continue to change speed throughout cosmic history? They cannot because their definitions, methods, empirical system and even their mathematics depends on a historical assumption from a Greek philosopher. He claimed that an underlying essence (hypokeimenon) of all things remains unchanged. The Apostle Peter predicted that in the last days mockers would obfuscate (lanthano) the age of the starry heavens (ouranoi esan ekpalai) because they believe that all things remain the same.

The vast continuum of galactic history is the only history that is visible exactly as it happened. This is because light has a finite speed and the voids between galaxy clusters allow light to pass unhindered from the ancient universe. What is visible confirms biblical cosmic history. Isaiah 40:26 "Lift up your eyes on high And see who has created these stars, The One who leads forth their host by number, He calls them all by name; Because of the greatness of His might and the strength of His power, Not one of them is missing." Isaiah 40:22 "It is He who sits above the circle of the earth, And its inhabitants are like grasshoppers, Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain And spreads them out like a tent to dwell in."

The earliest, most distant galaxies, are naked. Their atoms generally shone at microwave and infrared frequencies. At closer ranges we see strings of blue globs surrounding primordial cores. The continuum of galactic history shows that these globs accelerated out, spread out, rotated around more as billions of galaxies grew from the insides outwards. This could only happen if the properties of matter change relationally.

For several decades scientists have been baffled by the enigmatic nature of matter, its dual and non local properties. The best way to understand the nature of things is to begin your quest using the creation account. Elohim first finished creating the heavens and the earth, all of it. However, the earth was formless and dark until God continued to command light to continually be. It was the light that gave matter its form, its ability to take up space. All matter involves a dynamic relation with light - the most active thing in the universe. Later Elohim formed the Sun, Moon and stars from the matter that had its beginnings on day one. He placed the heavenly bodies in the spreading place, the shamayim raqiya. The history of spiral galaxies confirms that stars spread out, concurrently with the changing properties of matter.

Do elliptical galaxies also spread out? This is an X-ray image of the internal structure of NGC 4679.
The dark areas are the outsides of the elliptical and the light blue is the elliptical galaxy. X-ray globs in strings are evidently moving out. The next image is NGC 4696 that shows huge dust lanes. Perhaps these are the remnant of energetic rings like the ones GALEX photographed from the ancient universe. Composite images of this galaxy shows a distant sea of X-rays (energetic particles colliding); a closer swath of radio waves; vast numbers of globular clusters (the halo) and the dust lanes that are evidence of an ancient event.

How old is the universe? It is olam, eons old, just like the text of the Bible states. How could the universe be old when the biblical account only provides us with about 6,000 years of history? Try to understand the text with hermeneutics, instead of interpreting it with science. Also try looking at the universe with optics, instead of assumptions about clock-like orbits. We can see that atomic clocks concurrently speed up as the star streams in countless spirals accelerate outwards. What is visible is what our ancestors recorded a few thousand years ago here on our earth - that the earliest generations lived for vast eons and the length of life continued to degenerate. The Bible even records that in Job's days their faces doubled as they lived for geological ages. We find skulls from our ancestors with huge thick brows. If we lived for geological ages, our brows would also grow thick.

Carefully test the first principle of modern science by examining the vast universe. What we see is biblical cosmic history and evidence for biblical physics.

How great will be the fall of western science before the word of God. Where will the evidence come from? The shamayim raqiya reveals His glory  - the billions of spreading galaxies visible with telescopes.

Credit for pictures is NASA, GALEX, Hubble.

Starburst Galaxies and Biblical Cosmic History

A starburst galaxy contains vast numbers of hot clusters, which is why astronomers say they are rapidly giving birth to stars. Astronomers assume that stars are born when gas gravitationally accretes. Yet starburst galaxies do not have great clouds of gas, which are prominent in the arms of mature galaxies. Astronomers often explain starburst history using invisible black holes.

Here is a picture taken with ESO’s Very Large Telescope of NGC 1313. NGC 1313 is a starburst, barred spiral with many hot, star clusters at the ends of the short arms. NGC 1313 also contains extremely bright Ultra Luminal X-ray sources (ULX) far from the galactic core. Observations show that some of the X-ray sources vary in brightness. By contrast, a historical super nova in the galaxy glows steadily in X-rays. Telescopes detect an optical emission that seems to coincide with ULX number X-2. The emissions vary rapidly, sometimes within the same observing night. This suggests that the light came from a compact object.

Did NGC 1313 originate according to scientific theories or was it created biblically?

Science has a historical first principle that originated in the mind of a Greek philosopher. Because medieval scholars taught this idea for centuries, it became firmly established as the foundational assumption for western science. The Bible predicted this idea: in the last days mockers will come saying all things remain the same. Scientific definitions, measuring units, methods and mathematics depend on that one assumption - that the properties of matter are fixed, not emerging. Peter predicted that the end-time mockers would use this idea to obfuscate (lanthano) the age of the starry heavens (ouranoi esan ekpalai).
 
Just as predicted, scientific cosmic history presumes that once atoms form, their essence does not change. Yet we directly observe the ancient universe. Not a single one of the billions of primordial galaxies shines with the frequencies of local atoms. Since this is not scientific, invisible matter allegedly far exceeds the natural kind. Various properties of vacuums make up most of the rest of the scientific universe, stretching light and moving galaxies. Indeed, astronomers explain the hot stars, ULXs and lack of gas clouds in NGC 1313 with invisible black holes.

Visible cosmic history verifies biblical physics. The Bible plainly states that the creation is enslaved to change (e ktisis eleutherothesetai apo tes douleias tes phthoras). We verify this with the only history that is visible, galactic history. God finished the heavens and earth first, yet what He created was dark and without form. Then Elohim’s wind (spirit) dithered over the surface (paniym) of the transitory thing (mayim). Elohim continued to command light (owr) to continually be. It was then that light began to give form to matter. The stars did not begin until the fourth creation day. God continued to place the Sun, Moon and stars in the shamayim raqiya - the spread out heavens. In Isaiah He calls the stars to come out and He spreads out the heavens like a tent, both in unbroken continuity.

We see back to the formation of the universe with telescopes. Primordial galaxies were tiny, naked globs. At closer ranges we observe many primordial starburst galaxies, blue globs spread out in chains from galactic cores. When we observe the visible continuum of galactic history, we observe billions of galaxies growing as the properties of all matter keep on changing relationally. Relational changes cannot be measured locally, since they affect everything, even the definitions and the measuring units. However, relational changes are visible both in the history of the cosmos and in local effects. For example, the continents only fit together on a tiny globe and a global expansion seam has gradually formed two thirds of the Earth’s underseas crust.

NGC 1313 is one of hundreds of billions of galaxies that are part of the visible continuum of biblical cosmic history. Billions of galaxies grew from tiny globs of primordial matter into huge growth spirals as matter kept on changing its properties and stars kept on forming and spreading out like a tent. A Bible scholar might insist, Genesis says on the seventh day Elohim finished the heavens and the earth. The verb for finish is piel imperfect an intensive action that is incomplete. The heavens and earth continue to change (Greek phthora), even as He holds all things together. The scholar might insist that the Bible presents us with a six thousand year universe. When we examine the universe’s history, we see that it is both old in age and young in orbits. How could that be? We see that atomic clocks in billions of spiral galaxies keep on accelerating concurrently with the outward accelerating star streams. Even when we send calibrated clocks out of the solar system, the clocks from the past, relative to those in the present, are doing what clocks (atomic and inertial) continually do in billions of galaxies (Pioneer Anomaly). Generations of astronomers have continued to measure a steadily decreasing solar parallax. The Bible scholar might counter, the Bible lists a limited number of generations during which galaxies could not form. The early generations grew great thick brows as though they lived for geological ages, just like Job so clearly explains.

Biblical physics is incompatible with western science, because every atom in the universe continues to visibly change in a relational manner. How great will be the fall of western science before the great power of God’s word. Where will the evidence come from? God’s glory is revealed in the shamayim raqiya - the countless billions of galaxies that spread out since creation.


Credit ESO and Henri Boffin, who processed the image. The picture of NGC 1313 comes from the FORS1 instrument on one of the 8.2-m VLT telescopes obtained on December 16, 2003.

Job and the Age of the Earth

The book of Job contains many details about creation and earth history not found anywhere else in the Bible. The text informs us that God carefully designed rain, thunderbolts and ice. He changed some animals (carnivores) and gave all animals their characteristics. The book describes two species of dinosaurs and the crushing of a great planet, an event that dominated the earth-history of all ancient people. Job also informs about Earth’s age.

Job chapter 14 is a poem about the brevity of life. The poem begins by claiming that man who is born of women is of few days. It compares those few days to the sea (yam) drying up, a river drying up, mountains crumbling away, rocks moving from their place, water wearing away stones and torrents washing away the dust of the earth. None of these geological markers would apply to the brevity of life in our days.

It is possible to test one of Job’s life-duration markers. If the sea (west) dried up, we should find evidence in the Mediterranean sediments. In 1970, the drill ship, Glomar Challenger, extracted numerous bottom cores from several kilometers under the present surface. They found layers of deep-sea oozes alternating with gypsum, anhydrite, rock salt and algal stomatolite. These are evidences that the sea repeatedly dried and refilled. Mathematicians estimate that if the straits of Gibraltar were closed, the Mediterranean today would become a brackish dessert in about a thousand years because evaporation exceeds the input from its rivers. At Gibraltar, a long U shaped channel reveals how the sea refilled through the straits.

Does other evidence support the drying of the Mediterranean? In the 1960's the Russians constructed the Aswan dam at the first cataract (rapids) on the Nile, 1000 kilometers from the sea. The Russian engineer, Chumakov, drilled 15 holes into the river bed to find bedrock. The Russians discovered a sediment filled canyon 290 meters (950 feet) deep. At its lowest part, the  canyon had almost vertical walls cut through hard granite. The dam is 110 meters above sea level, so the ancient river bed is about 500 feet lower than the modern sea level. The canyon sediments in the bottom 150 meters (500 feet) contained saltwater fossils. Apparently the Mediterranean filled to its present level so that saltwater reached up to the first cataract. Only after the canyon silted to the present sea level did the sediments contain fresh water fossils. Was the Nile a narrow gorge that ran  down into a sea vastly lower than it is today? Geologists discovered that at Cairo, the Nile canyon was 2500 meters (1.5 miles) deep. This ancient canyon was deeper than the Grand Canyon, but of course it is completely filled with sediments today. The Frenchman, Bourcart, examined the sediments in steep submarine canyons around the Mediterranean. The bottom of these canyons contained gravel.  Apparently the ancient rivers cut down to a much lower Mediterranean. The ancient rivers were drowned when the Mediterranean filled and were then covered with marine oozes.

Why did Job associate the drying sea, water wearing away rocks and dust transported away by streams with the length of a single life? Chapter 14 ends with another claim for the length of life. Job said that their faces doubled, changed radically (shanah paniym) before they died. Our facial bones, (especially the brows) keep on microscopically growing as we age. If we lived for geological ages, our forehead would grow thick like a Neanderthal’s brows. The Neanderthal child skulls did not have the massive brows of the old ones. Apparently our ancestors really did live for geological ages.

A Bible student could argue: “that is impossible since Job only lived 140 years after his first ten children died.” All ancient societies looked back on the great time when the early people lived for eons. Aristotle wrote that the original meaning of the word eon (Greek aeon) was the length of a life. The Greek poet Hesiod wrote that the arms and legs of the first generations did not fail although they eventually died in their sleep. Ovid wrote that the first people lived before new seas formed and slept their lives away. Hesiod recorded that children played at their mother’s knee for a hundred years. He groaned that in the iron age people never stopped laboring by day and dying by night. He believed this deterioration would continue until children were born with graying temples. Our ancestors had a radically different earth history than we do.

Job’s place in biblical history is somewhere around 4,000 years ago. The scientists who measured the Mediterranean sediments estimated that the sea drying occurred between 15 million and five million years ago. These measurements do not violate a literal biblical earth history. For example, the Hebrew text of Genesis 1 states that God placed the Sun, Moon and stars in the shamayim raqiya - the spreading heavens. Orbits that continually spread out are accelerating orbits. For centuries, astronomers have continued to measure a decreasing solar optical parallax. Several other Bible texts agree with Job’s world view. Jacob (at 130 years of age) said that his days and years were shorter and worse than the days and years of his fathers (Genesis 47:9).

How can we verify if Job’s world view is valid? The universe is so vast that we can see cosmic history all the way back to the creation era. The atomic clocks in billions of ancient galaxies dithered at tiny fractions of the light frequencies of modern atoms. The fastest (normally energized) atomic clocks are local. We also observe the continuum of galactic history - how the galaxies formed. What we see verifies what the Bible states about the formation of the heavens. Galaxies existed as tiny naked globs before the stars began to form and accelerate out into huge growth spirals. When we observe the vast continuum of galactic history, we see that the atomic clocks and the galactic star streams accelerated together as billions of galaxies grew from the insides outwards. Every bit of matter in the universe is following the Apostle Paul’s descriptive physics. The creation is phthora (changing) in an orderly, together way (Romans 8:19 - 22).

Job’s answer to the Earth’s age is not like modern attempts to interpret the Bible with science. Some creationists speculate that creation days were billions of linear years. Others imagine that creation days were short “24 hour days” - like modern days. Both of these attempts to tailor the Bible to fit science have failed to fit the evidence or the hermeneutical biblical text.

What could cause Earth’s years and days to continually speed up throughout natural history? The smallest of all effects - the mysterious thing we call gravity. Read an essay on how, if gravity travels at a finite speed, it must accelerate both days and years.
http://godsriddle.com/history/gravity%20-%20age.html
We see a biblical cosmic history whereas scientific versions of the cosmos are crammed full of undetectable matter and never observed unnatural processes like vacuum expansions and vacuums that change light. Carefully consider Job’s, rather than evolutionary, OEC or YEC (scientific) versions of earth’s age. Think about it.

The seafloor age map is from NOAA. The sequence of seafloor age is red, orange, yellow, green, light blue, dark blue and the oldest is violet. According to this map, at one point Earth’s only major sea was the Western Mediterranean. Notice the fan of sediments (grey) that extends far out into the Mediterranean from the Nile.

Oceanic Transform Faults

A transform fault is an earth-crack where parts of the crust slide horizontally past each other. Most transform faults connect offsets in the undersea spreading seam that runs through every ocean. We know it is a global spreading seam because it visibly spews out lava that has hardened into two thirds of the earth's crust. Something that forms two thirds of the earth's crust is not minor.

Look at this map from NOAA that shows the mid Atlantic seam as a jagged black line. The colors on the map represent the relative ages of the sea floor. The youngest seafloor is red, the next yellow, then green, light blue and finally deep blue and violet. The oldest ocean on Earth is the eastern Mediterranean which at one point was the only major sea on our planet. Oceanic basalt contains microscopic crystals. Some of the atoms trapped in each crystal lattice are radioactive. Scientists measure the ratio of the daughter atoms to their radioactive parents to estimate the relative age - since the lava hardened.

  1. At one point the Atlantic was a tiny sea along the eastern coast of North America and north-western Africa. This ancient sea was split down the middle by a volcanic expansion seam, the Mid Atlantic ridge. The ridge is a mountain chain split by a steeply walled valley. Most earthquakes occur under the global earth-crack, evidently as lava flows up into the crack.

  2. The mid ocean seam is offset by long perpendicular transform faults. The ridge system is global, containing numerous triple junctions. The Azores-Gibraltar ridge starts at a triple junction in the Mid Atlantic. It then runs through Gibraltar where the remains of a huge waterfall reveal how the Mediterranean filled from the Atlantic. The crack runs through the Red Sea into the Indian Ocean where it connects via other triple junctions to a seam that completely surrounds Antarctica. Antarctica has pulled away from every other continent. This can only happen if the Earth expands.

  3.Just north of the equator lies a long transform fault, the Romanche Fracture Zone. The Romanche fault has young material on one side and older on the other. The Romanche contains a deep rift through which a strong current flows from the western to the eastern Atlantic.

  4. The long transform faults point toward the coasts that used to be joined. They are parallel to crust motion. They are also bent in the same direction. The Americas have rotated clockwise from their former positions against Europe and Africa. Donald F. Argus shows that the transform faults are rotated more from the East-West direction as they near the equator and progressively less in northern latitudes. He also shows that the plates today are spreading faster near the equator than at higher latitudes.

  5. Thousands of shorter cracks split off from the main transform faults. These short faults are at oblique angles to crustal motion.

Add cold water to a half a cup of flour and mix into a thick cream. Simmer in a saucepan, stirring until you get a thick paste. Cool and smear it thickly onto a partially filled balloon. Let it dry into a thick crust. As you blow up the balloon, you will see global cracks and transform faults.

Transform faults in the ocean are evidence that the interior of the earth has expanded like a balloon. This is not the only evidence. The continents only fit together on a tiny globe, without major seas. The alleged subduction trenches contain undisturbed, layered sediments. How could dense basalt (covered with wet clays) dive into the molten interior of the earth without leaving scraped off ocean oozes or forming scarps and volcanic vents? The planet has apparently grown internally, splitting its crust like an overripe banana slits its peeling.

What we see is evidence for biblical earth-history. Three times the Bible states that the earth spreads out in unbroken continuity. It even explains where this continuous action occurs, above the waters.

Someone might argue that the ocean floors formed millions of years ago. The biblical genealogies only give an earth-age of about 6,000 years. You should always interpret the Bible hermeneutically, not twist the words to fit scientific speculations about time. No one during the Old Testament age could imagine time as some separate medium or even linear years. Their world view was about the degeneration of all things, including the duration of days and years (Genesis 47:9).

The Bible is supported by the strongest evidence possible, the visible continuum of galactic history. In billions of galaxies, we observe that atomic clocks accelerate concurrently as star streams also accelerate outward, as galaxies grew. Nowhere do we see any evidence for immutable atoms that dither with perpetual motion. Yet scientists contrived their definitions, measuring units and mathematical constants with the notion that atoms do not change themselves as they age.

New telescopes are even now observing the creation era in many parts of the spectrum. What they have observed so far fits the literal words of the Bible like a glove. However, it does not fit the assumption from a pagan Greek upon which science was historically constructed. The visible evidence will someday result in the overwhelming triumph of the words of the Bible over Western science. The evidence for a biblical world-view is not just in the distant heavens. The evidence that the earth has continued to expand is simple evidence for the accuracy of the Bible and its descriptions of matter and history.

Attribution for the map: The National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration. The map was drawn by Elliot Lim and Jesse Varner using data from the National Geophysical Data Center. Data source:  R.D. Muller, M. Sdrolias, C. Gaina and W.R. Roest.

Proof by Reductio Ad Absurdum

When seeking to construct a natural history one must rely on elementary assumptions that cannot be proven. It is possible, however, to test elementary assumptions with the process of reductio ad absurdum. This is an indirect proof that relies on proving that the opposite is absurd.

The Bible predicts that in the last-days mockers will obfuscate (Greek lanthano) the age of the heavens and the geology of earth with an arche kitseous - a first law. The mockers will say “all things remain the same (panta outos diamenei).” Generations of western scientists constructed their definitions, measuring units, logic, methods and mathematical constants on the idea that the essence of substance is changeless. Aristotle initiated the original form of this idea. The medieval Catholic scholars taught it in Western universities during the formative stage of Western science. The Bible declares the opposite principle that the whole creation is enslaved to change (phthora).

What if atoms really are immutable and their dithering electrons really do move with perpetual motion?  Then the laws of science should be valid everywhere in the universe. Is it absurd that the scientific cosmos is supposedly 99% invisible? Allegedly a tiny singularity, smaller than an atom, exploded in a big bang. The explosion did not involve matter, like modern explosions. Exactly what kind of explosion was it, if there was no matter in the singularity? It was a space-time explosion. Several hundred thousand years after the explosion, atoms formed, which constitute the building blocks for the whole universe. Supposedly the distant galaxies are moving away from everything else in the universe, in many cases at almost the speed of light. This is because space time is expanding the vacuum of space. Has anyone ever detected any space-time or observed voids doing anything at all? Well, not yet. However, they know about space-time because it not only expands the vacuum but also adjusts the frequencies of all light as it passes through the void. In order to get their laws of physics to work in the larger universe, scientists also surround every galaxy with a cloud of invisible matter. Ostensibly there is six times as much invisible matter as the visible kind. Allegedly an anti-gravity force sucks energy out of the vacuum with which it accelerates the expansion of the vacuum. Supposedly there is 40 times as much anti gravity (dark energy) as visible matter. When scientists observe how early galaxies formed, they refuse to believe their eyes. They claim that the light gets bent by clusters of galaxies that contain more invisible matter than the normal kind. Is this absurd?

Lets examine the converse. The Bible simply states that everything is changing and uses orderly arrangement words to describes this. We would not need to believe a single unnatural, invisible entity if we used biblical physics instead of science. We would not even need to believe that subduction allegedly forces dense wet sea floor down into the molten interior of the earth without leaving a trace in the soft layered sediments in the ocean trenches. Indeed, Biblical physics is supported by the visible continuum of galactic history.

The Bible says at some point God will make foolish (Greek moros - Latin aburdum) the wisdom of this age (science). It sure looks like He is on track to doing what He promised. Where will the evidence come from? The one place that God promises that knowledge is available to all is in the heavens. It is the only place where we directly observe the past. New telescopes are coming on line every year. So far they have observed a biblical cosmic history - without any trace of absurd invisible things. Think!

Credit for the graphic is to NASA's WMAP Science Team. It shows their concept of how the Big Bang created the universe.