Where did Western California come from?

The San Andreas is a transform fault running the length of California. The western side is presently creeping north, relative to the east. Most transform faults lie in the ocean and connect segments of a spreading seam. Rocks adjacent to each other across a transform fault are dissimilar because of the sideways motion of the fault. For example, the San Andreas cuts beneath Bodega head, a coastal promontory north of San Francisco. The rocks on the western side are crystalline-diorite, a cousin of granite. The eastern side is soft layered marine sandstones. Where did western California come from?

When analyzing natural history, we should (1) first identify our assumptions, starting with the most elementary. Faulty assumptions, when mixed with evidence, taint the data, the methods and the conclusions. (2) Then we should examine the broad picture - distant as well as local clues. (3) Perhaps then we can propose limited natural history statements, limited by the assumptions identified in step one.

The simplest earth-history assumption is the scientific premise, which first germinated in the mind of a pagan Greek philosopher. Scientists presume that the properties of matter are fixed. Yet billions of ancient galaxies shine with different spectra from the light emitted by modern matter. In general, the differences increase with distance. Therefore, we should carefully analyze any evidence that is interpreted with the presumption that atoms are immutable and dither with perpetual motion. Since that assumption is the basis of most scientific measuring units and constants, we should carefully distinguish visible evidence from mere mathematical symbols.

First let’s examine the broad environment surrounding the San Andreas. The Pacific is the largest ocean, surrounded on three sides by the Ring of Fire, the most active earthquake region on our planet. The ring includes 75% of land volcanoes, active and dormant. The ring passes from New Zealand along a series of volcanic islands that parallel the coast of Asia. It then runs along the Aleutians; then south down the west coast of North and South America, essentially surrounding the Pacific plate. A plate is an area of the crust that acts in a partially rigid manner.

The first map is sea floor age map. The youngest sea floor is bright red and the oldest is dark blue. Scientist drill cores from the ocean floor. They test the basalt crystals for the ratio of daughter atoms to their radioactive parents. They use their assumption that all atoms are not changing themselves, to calculate specific ages. If their assumption is false, the data would support the sequence of how the Pacific formed. We could not, however, speculate on the dates.

The oldest sea floor is east of the Philippines, which is the area that contains the deepest undersea trench. At first, the Pacific was located in a small triangular area. Presumably the continents of Asia and North America were much closer in that era. Notice that the Pacific first spread north / south, the light blue area. Then it spread mostly to the east. The Empire sea mounts parallel the initial spreading of this ancient sea and later cut to the southeast ending in the island of Hawaii.

The map shows deep narrow trenches as dark stripes. The Aleutian trench has magnetic stripes that dip down into the trench - instead of running parallel to it. This suggests that the trench is a longitudinal stretch feature. If it were a subduction zone, we should find scraped off sea mounts, piled up sea oozes, scarps and volcanic vents in the trenches. The Philippine trench has very thin undisturbed sediments. Some trenches, such as the Arcadia off the coast of Oregon and Washington, are filled with thick layered sediments. However, the sediments came from the land,  carried out to sea by the rivers of the Pacific northwest, not oceanic oozes. Evidently the trenches are not subduction zones.

Let’s examine the second map for a closer view of the sea floor at both ends of the San Andreas. The northern end of the San Andreas continues as a transform (sideways moving) fault as it continues out to sea. Notice that the rocks to the south of this side-slipping fault are older than the rocks to the north. This is doubtless because the fault to the north (the Juan de Fuca ridge) is spreading apart, forming brand new oceanic crust. Deep submersibles find hot springs and fresh lava flows abounding along the Juan de Fuca ridge. The Mendocino Fracture zone also extends for thousands of kilometers west toward to the older sea floor. Every few latitude degrees, parallel transform faults run out into the western Pacific. Notice that both ends of the San Andreas connect to relatively young seafloor, compared to the older ocean floor to the west.

How should we interpret this evidence? We should first establish what assumptions we will use. The Bible states that the whole creation is enslaved to change (Greek phthora). We observe the continuum of galactic history optically. We observe that billions of galaxies grew from tiny naked globs to great, local, dusty growth spirals. Visibly, the spectral, volumetric and inertial properties of matter keep on changing. Therefore, we should interpret the evidence with the assumption that the properties of matter are relationally changing. This assumption is supported at the broadest Earth scale. The continents only fit together on a tiny planet. What could cause earth to grow? Atoms are not immutable. They change relationally throughout cosmic history.

What limited statement about the San Andreas can we propose from the evidence and our simple assumption. (1) It is a relatively young feature, compared to the Western Pacific. (2) Where did the crystalline-diorite come from on western Bodega head? We find similar diorite along the coast of British Columbia and Alaska. (3) Could California, west of the San Andreas, have once been an island that moved south as the Pacific floor expanded south and east? Please notice that Australia and Antarctica are today south of their original positions, since the relative ages of the Pacific floor show how the Pacific grew and continues to grow to this day. (4) Apparently the San Andreas was once disconnected from the mainland, as Baja California is presently disconnected from Mexico. Around Bakersfield, tens of thousands of whale and shark bones lie close to the surface. Drill cores below these fossils beds show layers of marine oozes. Evidently ancient whales and their predators gathered in an ancient sea between the two sides of the San Andreas, as they do today in the Baja California sea.

How long did it take for the Pacific to grow to its present state? We cannot speculate because every atomic clock in the visible universe accelerates its frequencies. The fastest, normally energized, atomic clocks are local. We also see how star-streams concurrently accelerated as billions of galaxies grew. All we can say is that the simple evidence supports our assumption that the properties of all matter emerge, change relationally throughout cosmic history. When the properties of atoms change, it radically affects the surface of our planet.

 Think about it.

Credit for Sea Floor maps: NOAA http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ 

6,000 Years of Gravity

Visible cosmic history fits several statements in the Hebrew Bible about the history of the universe. Isaiah 44:24 “I, the LORD, am the maker of all things, Stretching out [actively in unbroken continuity] the heavens by Myself And spreading out [actively in unbroken continuity] the earth all alone.” Since we observe that galaxies continually spread out in unbroken continuity, we confirm this statement. God does not push on things physically. He commands nature and it does His bidding, yet His universe is subject to laws. (Job 38:33).

How could 6,000 years of earth history fit the vast continuum of galactic history?

Consider the speed of gravity. Gravity is too weak to determine its speed in a laboratory. In 2002, Professors Kopeikin and Fomalont observed changes in the signals from the radio quasar J0842+1835 when it passed close by Jupiter. The radio changes arrived at the different antennae of the Very Long Baseline Array at different instances. Kopeikin claimed that he measured the speed of gravity at approximately light-speed. Some scientists argued that gravity is too weak to affect the radio signals enough for the VLBA to detect. Some suggested he only detected the propagation of light. Others claim that the force of gravity propagates faster than light. Gravity is a controversial subject since no one ever discovered its cause.

Scientists believe that without the Sun’s “gravity” the Earth would move off in a straight line. Gravity, they tell us, bends the Earth’s path into an elliptical orbit. Did you ever roll a hoop when you were a child? By lightly tapping the trailing side of a rolling hoop with a stick, you can accelerate and steer it. Although gravity is the smallest “force,” any propagation delay would affect Earth’s trailing hemisphere more than the leading hemisphere. This would cause our orbit to spiral out and also speed up our spin rate. (See the accompanying graphic).“Gravity’s” propagation delay would affect all the planets and moons, but the outer ones would spiral out more radically, since they would experience a greater angular offset. This could explain why the planet distances increase in a progressive manner (the Titus-Bode relation). It is not necessary to know gravity’s cause or presume that it is constant. If “gravity” has a finite speed, days and years would both gradually shorten.

Does evidence support the acceleration of days and years? (1) Everyone experiences life speeding up as we age. (2) Jacob linked this speedup to previous generations. He said that his days and years were shorter and worse than the days and years of his fathers. (Genesis 47:9). (3) We find the skulls of the old ones with thick brows as though they lived for eons. The skull is the only part of our skeleton that keeps growing with age. If we lived for geological ages, our brows would grow thick like a Neanderthal’s. (Neanderthal children did not have the thick brows). Job listed geological markers for the length of life when dinosaurs still roamed the world. He said their faces doubled, shanah paniym, before they died. (4) Judges 5:20 records that stars (plural kokabiym) fought from their courses as heavy rain fell. In Hebrew, kokab is Mercury and kokab nogah is Venus. The Sumerians recorded heavy rain in the mountains during Venus passages. The Greeks mentioned that Venus had a coma, a long vapor tail. Venus synchronizes its rotation at conjunctions with Earth, as though it was tidally affected by our planet. (5) All societies a few millennia ago remembered the shattering of a great planet at close range. The Bible mentions this four times, using similar expressions as the Canaanites. The solar system contains thousands of fractured planet pieces (asteroids and comets). (6) A sequence of astronomers measured a decreasing optical parallax to the planets and the Sun. Even in the twenty first century the optical parallax to Mars at opposition and Venus during the recent transit showed an increased distance to the Sun. Yet the canonical clock derived (radar) distances stay the same. (7) The earliest astronomical record preserves the dates of Venus’ rises and sets during the 21 year reign of Ammizaduga. The Ammizaduga synodic cycle is close to the number of days in Venus’ modern orbit. However, the number of days when Venus was invisible behind the Sun it too long, by weeks, while the evening and morning phases are too short. On one occasion Venus transited from evening to morning in one day. This could only happen if Venus passed at close range.

Modern astronomers measure clock-like orbits with clocks. Are clocks linear? Forty years ago, we sent two Pioneer spacecraft with calibrated clocks in opposite directions out of the solar system. The farther the radios transmitted the clock signals (from the past), the more the signals slowed down relative to NASA’s younger clocks (by several hours). Evidently orbits are clock-like because both orbits and clocks accelerate together as we observe in the history of galaxies.

The Bible mentions the olam (eon) age of the Earth. It also recorded the genealogies of our ancestors. The sum of all genealogies add up to only about six thousand years. How could both be true? If gravity has a finite speed, both the duration of Earth years and days would continually shorten. A single day in antiquity could have been ponderously slow. The ancients mentioned how the first generations lived in the days of kronos, time. They mentioned how they slept their lives away before new seas formed. A single winter could produce an ice age. A single lifetime could encompassed geological ages, as when the earth was divided during Peleg’s days. What could cause these great changes? The smallest of all known phenomena - gravity. God can even defeat science with the smallest of all effects.

He promises He will make foolish the wisdom of this age (science). How? We can see the past - how the galaxies grew as the properties of all mater keep changing. Think about it.

Graphic was generated with Gimp.

Gravity and the Age of the Universe

Einstein thought that gravity is the warping of space-time. Ripples in space-time supposedly travel at light speed. Newton’s gravity is supposedly a force that acts across empty space and moves at infinite speed. Since the universe is immeasurably vast and the speed of light is finite, we observe cosmic history as it happened long ago. The simplest way to test gravity theories is to optically compare galaxies at different ranges (ages). Scientific cosmic stories start with laws, based on assumptions. The assumptions bias their observations. Scientists surround every galaxy with a halo of invisible matter so that their laws work at galactic scales. According to their stories, there is more invisible matter than the normal kind. Astronomers use an anti gravity force (dark energy) to force their laws on the larger universe. Supposedly there is even more dark energy than invisible matter. The scientific universe is 99% invisible. The invisible things were contrived to protect their first assumption - that the properties of matter are fixed, not emerging.

We should understand the universe with visible evidence, interpreted with simple biblical principles, instead of forcing the universe to fit a blind dogma. The Bible states that the whole creation is enslaved to change (phthora). God continually calls the stars to come out. He actively spreads out the heavens in unbroken continuity, like a tent to dwell in. According to Genesis, He continues to form the Sun, Moon and stars and place them in the raqiya - the spreading heavens.

We verify these statements with the galactic continuum. Deep views of the universe show galaxies at many ranges, early nebulas and later, closer galaxies. (1) We observe that the earliest galaxies shone at tiny fractions of the clock rates of later galaxies. (2) The earliest galaxies are also naked, without appendages of stars. At closer ranges, we observe distinct globs, like beads on a necklace, surrounding many early galaxies. (3) The globular clumps shine with different colors than the core of the parent galaxy. (4) In spiral galaxies, we observe that the stars follow each other out in lanes, accelerating continually. At many ranges, we observe that billions of galaxies grew into huge growth spirals. Accelerating star streams go against all gravity theories.

What could cause galaxies to grow? The radio quasar 3C175 ejects a thin column of high speed matter. Astronomers claim that the source is an invisible black hole whose gravity is so strong that light cannot escape. Yet the ejecta does not even bend from the purported gravity until the jet begins to spread out in volume. Like 3C175, ancient galaxies ejected pulsed streams as if primordial matter had minimal gravity. We observe that as the ejecta increases in volume, it changes its spectral frequencies and its inertial properties as galaxies spread out.

Did the changing properties of matter affect our planet? The Hebrew Bible states that the earth spreads out in unbroken continuity. Was the early Earth smaller than it is today? We can see that the continents fit together on a tiny globe, without major oceans. A global expansion seam keeps on spewing out basaltic seafloor. The theory of subduction is contradicted by the layered, undisturbed sediments in the “subduction zones.”  Evidently the early earth was tiny. Were ancient objects also lighter? Tracks in petrified mud show that dinosaurs sometimes ran. Dinosaur bones are porous and bird-like. If giant dinosaurs were alive today, their weight would crush their porous bones. It would seem that things were much different in the dinosaur age.

What is gravity? No one has detected any gravitons or gravity waves. All efforts to construct a gravity theory rely on elementary assumptions, as do the efforts to verify the hypotheses. For example, both Newton and Einstein assumed that clocks measure time - as do attempts to test their gravity theories. When several visible phenomena correlate, they are certainly related, even if we cannot isolate a specific cause. The continuum of galactic history shows that matter’s spectral frequencies, volumetric and inertial properties change as galaxies grew. Evidently what we call gravity is related to the way matter changes itself in an orderly (relational) manner. Billions of galaxies, in the continuum of cosmic history, are violating the laws of gravity. However, they are not violating the biblical history of the universe, how God continually calls out the stars. Indeed, we observe dense clumps of stars accelerating out from primordial galaxies.

Someone might argue, according to the Bible the universe is only about 6,000 years old. How could galaxies grow in only 6,000 years? The dimmest galaxies are so far away that their light surely took billions of years to arrive on Earth. Visible cosmic history cannot fit into a mere six thousand years.

In the next essay I will give a causal explanation for accelerating days and years using the smallest of all effects, gravity.


Photo credit Alan Brindle, (NRAO Charlottesville, VLA, NRAO, NSF. The picture records the radio frequencies from the quasar 3C175.

Lutetia and Biblical Earth-history

ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft flew past Lutetia, the largest asteroid ever photographed at close range.
Click on the image to see it at higher resolution.
1. Lutetia, like all closely photographed asteroids has cliffs, angled facets and smooth valleys.

2. It also has long, arching parallel groves similar to those on the Martian moon Phobos. The parallel groves on Lutetia are hundred of meters wide and deep. They curve along the slopes of valleys and sometimes cross the floors of small craters. Two populations of parallel groves intersect in the floor of a saddle-like feature.

3. Some bowl-shaped craters have raised rims and what looks like internal concentric rings. This is reminiscent of the dust ponds on the asteroid Eros.

4. One large crater has a landslide that tumbles for miles down to the floor. The same crater contains fields of boulders that are evidently the size of large buildings.

5. Some Earth based astronomers detected metallic signatures from Lutetia while others detected a carbonaceous spectrum. The regolith landslides support the latter, but what caused the parallel groves? ESA has not released the thermal imaging spectrometer results. If it shows extensive nickel-iron, then Lutetia would likely be the dusty core of a shattered planet. Even if the spectrometer finds no nickel-iron, the groves suggest a solid, fractured monolith covered in dust.

Many astronomers believe an asteroid’s solid appearance is deceptive. Underneath the surface they are supposed to be like Swiss cheese - riddled with vacuum holes. Astronomer’s mathematical stories about the universe’s origin require that solid bodies accreted out of dust and ice. Yet some tiny comets and asteroids contain clays and limestone (carbonates) that on Earth form in liquid water. Some asteroids apparently are made of volcanic rock that on Earth comes from the molten interior. The Stardust mission collected dust from the comet 81P/Wild 2 that was largely made of crystalline silicates, such as olivine, that form slowly at high temperatures on Earth. The visible evidence suggests shattered pieces of a large planet, not rubble piles.

Earth-history is not the primary theme of the Bible. Yet it does contain statements about significant solar system events. It refers to the crushing of a mighty, stormy (rahab) planet four times - twice in Job, once in Psalms and once in Isaiah. How do we know it is referring to the crushing of a planet? The Canaanites used similar language in describing the smashing of one of their planet-gods. All ancient societies had stories about the shattering of planet-gods. The Bible also mentions, in Judges, a close encounter that fits the Babylonian descriptions of a close Venus passage. (Venus has a synchronous spin that is locked into Earth conjunctions, as though we once affected it tidally). Joshua describes an event when the Earth apparently precessed on its axis during a close encounter. The close encounter is suggested because a flurry of common stones (Hebrew eben) fell from the sky during the event.

The biblical answer to comets and asteroids is that a great watery planet shattered in a collision - back when dinosaurs still roamed the earth. Why would the planets, which are now far apart, have had closer orbits during historical times? We can see with our eyes that the properties of all matter (including orbits) keeps on changing, just as one would expect from the words of the Bible. Billions of galaxies at many ranges (eras) reveal the history of the universe. We see galaxies growing as star streams accelerate out from originally naked globs to great local growth spirals. Every bit of matter in the universe is visibly following biblical physics, changing. Don’t just mathematicate, look!

Photo credit is from ESA and the Rosetta spacecraft.

Simple versus Complex Science

We use the word science in two different ways - for simple knowledge and for structured knowledge. Simple knowledge is available to anyone. We can observe that grunion lay their eggs in the sand just after the new or full moon - the extra high tides. It is not necessary to invent a mathematical concept of gravity to notice the correlation between the Sun, moon, tides and grunion. Today, simple knowledge has little cultural support so many reject it as lacking in scientificity.

Western science is so complex that it requires powerful backing by governments and institutions to sustain it. Structured science is strongly linked to the social-economic power structure. Western science was built on a fundamental assumption so basic that it is invisible to people operating within it. Inventing this fundamental idea was not easy. The pagan philosophers spend generations searching, with dialectical methods, for a first principle upon which to found science. Fifteen hundred years later, a medieval mendicant friar (Thomas) urged Christians to build their knowledge on Aristotle’s metaphysics. Aristotle claimed that a mysterious substratum (hypokeimenon)  underlying all things does not change. The medieval version of this idea is - the essence of substance is changeless. Today the idea that matter could be continually changing is repressed, pushed back into a walled off area of the unconscious. Why? Scientists use their presumption about unchanging atoms to define most of their complicated concepts, elaborate measuring units and difficult mathematical laws and constants.

Simple science is the kind of natural knowledge found in the Bible. The Bible simply states that the whole creation is in slavery to change (Greek phthora). Evidence to support this statement is not symbolical, mathematical, logical or empirical. It is simply visible - supported by the strongest evidence possible - the visible history of the universe. The universe is so vast that we see its history as it happened, what the galaxies looked like at many stages (ranges). The earliest galaxies were naked, without appendages of stars. None of those ancient galaxies shone with the spectra of modern matter. We can see that the heavens (galaxies) were created before the stars were formed, just like the Bible states. We also observe that the stars reside in the spreading sky (the shamayim raqiya) just like in the Genesis account. We can see that billions of galaxies spread out like a tent to dwell in (a biblical metaphor). Tents take up very little space until they are spread out just like galaxies are compact until the stars accelerate outward in lanes.

Many ancient galaxies look like tadpoles, a string of frog eggs or a string of beads. Some tadpoles have a head and a tapered tail - apparently the beginning stage of a one armed spiral. Some have blue globs at each end of a reddish bar - apparently the beginning of two armed barred spirals. Why were ancient galaxies made up of naked globs - while local galaxies are spread into huge, dusty, continuous star-arms? Biblical physics is really very simple. We can see that the properties of matter are always changing, emerging, throughout cosmic history. What is visible does not fit the complicated, assumption dependent mathematical constructs of the scientists. In fact, scientists fill the universe with invisible matter, undetectable black holes, nonsensical expanding vacuums and never seen vacuums that stretch light - to protect their assumption that the properties of matter are fixed. The scientific universe is the greatest myth ever told because it is only supported by complicated mathematics - not the visible history of the universe. The visible history of the universe only fits biblical physics. Think about it.

Photo credit NASA shows tadpole galaxies from the 2004 Hubble Ultra Deep Field.

Planck Maps the Universe

ESA launched the Planck and Herschel space telescopes on the same rocket in 2009. Both spacecraft follow the Earth - circling in a Lissajous pattern around the second Lagrangian point. Planck carries two instruments that record signals at Far Infrared (0.35 mm to 3 mm) and Extreme High Frequency ( 4 mm to 10 mm).

Recently ESA released the first Planck low resolution map of the sky. Here is a slightly higher resolution version if you want to open it in a separate tab.
http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMF2FRZ5BG_index_1.html
The picture does not include hot starlight, since Planck cannot detect visible light. The red, green and blue colors represent different light frequencies from cool gas and dust - with red the warmest and blue the coolest. (The sum of the three colors results in different map colors). The pink streak down the middle is dust in the inboard Sagittarius, Scutum and Norma arms of the Milky Way. Cold dust shoots up out of the core of the Milky Way (up is galactic north). On the far left, the outboard Perseus arm swirls towards the south. On the far  right shines the local Orion arm, in which the Sun resides. White blobs to the south show the Sagittarius Dwarf and the Magellanic satellite galaxies. Orange and red splotches shine in microwaves from above and below the Milky Way. Some of these splotches come from the cosmic microwave background. Astronomers hope to subtract the light from near and far galaxies, leaving a map of the Microwave Background.

How one interprets evidence, even what one considers as evidence, depends on elementary assumptions. Scientists interpret tiny changes in the output of super cold detectors as evidence for a big bang echo. The big bang allegedly occurred when a tiny bit of vacuum exploded and created everything out of nothing. Initially, the hot soup from the explosion moved faster than light as the universe hyper expanded. Supposedly the CMB is light that has been stretched by space-time as it expands the vacuum. This stretching out of the vacuum allegedly adjusting the frequencies of all light passing through the void. What assumption did scientists use to arrive at these incredible stories? The basic assumption in the scientific system is historical. It came from a Greek philosopher and was simplified by the medieval scholars. It is the assumption that the properties of matter are fixed, not emerging. Most scientific definitions, measuring units, methods, formulas and ‘constants’ depend on the notion that atoms are immutable and dither with perpetual motion.
Biblical physics is not compatible with science because it rests on a contrary principle. The Bible states that the whole creation is enslaved to change (Greek phthora). We confirm biblical physics because we actually compare the past to the present, optically. Not a single ancient galaxy shone with the frequencies of modern atoms. In general, the dimmer and less spread out a galaxy, the more its atoms shone at minuscule ratios of the light frequencies of modern atoms.

Can biblical physics explain the CMB? Biblical physics can free one’s mind to accept the visible evidence in simplicity. No one has ever detected any stretching vacuums, any space-time or even isolated any time. Recently the Arcade balloon discovered that much of the cosmic radio background does not come from nearby active galaxies, but from a wallpaper of primordial galaxies. Space telescopes also resolved much of the cosmic infrared background as shining from infrared point sources - primordial galaxies and galaxy clusters. Isn’t it reasonable for the Cosmic Microwave to also come from the wallpaper of primordial galaxies? The CMB certainly didn’t come from vacuum stretching because the data does not fit a black body curve. What we see is that ancient atoms clocked tiny ratios of the light frequencies of modern atoms. They must have been tiny scale models of modern atoms since the continents on Earth only fit together on a tiny globe - without major oceans. We confirm that the properties of matter emerge, change relationally, because we see at many ranges how galaxies grew from naked blobs to dusty, spread out growth spirals. This could only happen if the properties of matter are emerging.

Isaiah 44:24-25 I, the LORD, am the maker of all things, Stretching out the heavens by Myself And spreading out the earth all alone,  25  Causing the omens of boasters to fail, Making fools out of diviners, Causing wise men to draw back And turning their knowledge into foolishness.


Photo credit ESA and the Planck spacecraft.

Obfuscating Cosmic History with Gravity Lens

ESA’s Herschel Space Observatory used its cryogenic instruments to observe Abell 2218 – an ancient galaxy cluster. Herschel’s instruments can record light from 75 micro meters to 650 um in three bands. Spitzer (3.6 to 160 um) could record mid infrared (before it ran out of coolant). The new camera on Hubble (WFC3) can record visible and near infrared light. The link below is a 5.9 MB high resolution image. If you have the bandwidth, right click, open in another tab and then tab back and forth as you read this.
http://www.stfc.ac.uk/resources/image/jpg/Abell2218.jpg

The right side of the picture shows a Hubble view of Abell 2218. This galaxy cluster contains numerous elongated strands, blue arcs and galaxy chains. In high resolution, one can clearly see that the arcs are made of strands of necklace beads embedded in blue jets. One spiral has a reddish core and a long granulated blue tail. Another early spiral has a long orange streak like a jet coming out of its core. The blue streaks contain blue globs that have equal spacings. This is a characteristic of jets coming out of the core of active galaxies and quasars.

On the far left we see blotches of colors that represent the Herschel IR bands. The inset is how Herschel views the Abell 2218 cluster (in the three representational colors). Herschel cannot record visible light so the picture is limited to infrared. Herschel has a larger mirror than Hubble that should increase the sharpness of the image. However, long wave light dramatically increases the picture fuzziness. (The ALMA millimeter telescope in Chile will compensate for this by positioning the radio antennas kilometers apart). In Herschel’s image, the cluster is mostly blue, shorter IR wavelengths. The yellow blob has longer IR wavelength. According to scientific stories, the bright yellow blob is a very distant galaxy - magnified by a lensing effect. Yet the whole cluster is shining in X-rays, showing intense activity. In the case of the galaxy with the long jet, the X-ray contours follow the jet - showing that it is real - not a lensing effect.

The Bible predicts that in the last days mockers will obfuscate the age of the heavens with an idea, that all things remain the same. This prophesy has come true. Astronomers refuse to accept the visible history of how galaxies formed. Instead they use their idea that atoms are immutable and dither with perpetual motion to invent a largely invisible universe - crammed full of invisible vacuum forces and invisible matter. Gravitational lensing is just another one of the mathematical ways astronomers obfuscate the visible evidence. Why? They only know how to reason and measure with an assumption, the elementary assumption upon which Western science was founded. What assumption is that? The idea that the properties of matter are fixed, not emerging relationally.

We can see the past at many ranges, in every part of the spectra, back to the formation of the universe. When we compare the shape and light frequencies of distant galaxies with those from local galaxies - several things are clear. Ancient galaxies shone at tiny fractions of the light frequencies of modern atoms. Primordial galaxies were also naked globs without starry arms or appendages. At close ranges we see galaxies in equally spaced strings, like beds on a necklace. Apparently this is the stage when galaxy clusters began to spread out. At many ranges and in all directions, we can compare the shapes of billions of galaxies. We observe how star streams moved out, accelerated out, spread out as billions of galaxies grew from dense globs of primordial matter to great, spread out, local growth spirals. Visibly, the volumetric, inertial and light frequencies of matter keep on changing as galaxies grew from the insides outward.

What is visible is the very things God says - this is my hand at work. This is what I alone do. It is I who spreads out the heavens like a tent. I call the stars to come out and none are missing. Only biblical physics frees one to believe the visible history of the universe because only biblical physics admits that the properties of matter are emerging, changing, throughout cosmic history.

It is because creationists tailor the Bible to fit science that they are losing the war. Yet the Bible promises that when our obedience is complete, we will use the most powerful weapons to destroy fortresses. We will destroy speculations and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God (science). Will you stop clinging to the Western culture, which was founded on the metaphysics of pagans, and fight with the most powerful weapon ever made - God’s word? The evidence for how God created the heavens is overwhelming - because it is visible. 

The photo is of Herschel's mirror - prior to assembly on the spacecraft. Photo credit ESA.

Martian magnetic stripes support Biblical Physics

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) arrived at Mars in September of 1997. It fired its rocket engine for 22 minutes to place it in an elongated polar orbit with a periapsis of 186 miles and an apoapsis of 34,800 miles above the surface. To save fuel (takeoff weight), engineers adjusted the periapsis to dip into the upper Martian atmosphere. The friction between the solar panels and the upper atmosphere reduced the orbit to circular over a one year period. The aerobraking  force on the spaceship was equivalent to a 60 km/hour wind pushing on your hand at sea level.
  
The aerobraking maneuvers placed MGS low enough for the magnetometer to detect the surface magnetism. Mars has no modern, global magnetic field so it apparently does not have an active dynamo in its core. Mars is an iron rich planet, as one can see from it’s rusty color. MGS discovered that some surface rocks are so strongly magnetized that the field interacts with the solar wind on the sun side. The strongest stripes are in the highlands, at about 60 degrees South Latitude. Some stripes are narrow - about 100 kilometers wide - while others are wider. (Click on the image to see a  higher resolution version. Image from NASA).

1. The stripes alternate in polarity, like the stripes around the expansion seam in Earth’s oceans.
2. The stripes are continuous around the entire planet - a global sinusoidal pattern.
3. The stripes are offset at visible surface faults. 
4. The stripes are absent in the volcanic provinces - Tharsis, Olympus Mons and Ilysium Mons suggesting that they are late features.
5. The stripes are absent in the great tectonic gash, Valles Marineris.
6. The stripes are reduced or absent in the large basins such as Argyre, Hellas and Utopia.

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution orbiter (MAVEN), due for launch in 2013, will carry two magnetometers on the end of booms. It should improve the resolution of the Martian magnetic maps. Scientists have proposed no simple explanation for the global stripes.

The simplest explanation, although certainly not scientific, is that Mars was once a minuscule planet. The oldest surface is in the highlands, when Mars was less than half its present diameter. It  continued to grow as its magnetism gradually reduced in intensity and periodically reversed. What could cause Mars to grow? The properties of matter continue to change. We can see the history of the universe because we see the light that left eons ago. Ancient atoms clocked tiny ratios of the light frequencies of modern matter. We see that galaxies grew from tiny naked globs to great, dusty growth spirals. The atomic clocks accelerated concurrently with the accelerating star streams as matter’s volumetric properties also increased. What is visible is relational change. Relational change cannot be precisely measured or modeled with mathematics. However, relational changes are visible.

Visible comic history only fits biblical physics. Biblical physics accepts that matter changes itself relationally - because of several biblical texts, such as Romans 8:19 -22. The Bible also states that the Earth actively spreads out in unbroken continuity, such as in Psalm 136:6. Indeed the continents only fit together on a minuscule globe without major surface oceans. A great global expansion seam keeps on creating new Earth crust every year.  The layered, undisturbed sediments in the ocean trenches clearly show that subduction is a scientific myth.

Why would God command matter to continue to change, hupotasso - an orderly submission? So that man cannot come to him through his own knowledge. Solomon stated, although a wise man study day and night and claim - I know - he cannot discover under the sun - even in the solar system. God will save all who come to Him by faith alone but you cannot say - I will believe if and only if I can find scientific evidence for creation. You must come to Him in utter humility - as an undeserving sinner who only trusts in His salvation. Think about it.